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Issue 10 | August 2004

Africa
table of contents

Program Updates

The Fulbright Experience: Nurturing Students' Enthusiasm

by Peter Grudin

At a small college like Williams finding the students who are suited for Fulbright fellowship is reasonably easy. Although publications run by students are so crowded with news of the latest Rugby match that they won't accept my announcements, the College itself provides many ways to get the word out: emails to a pre-selected group of seniors, posters, and mentions in the calendar of the information meetings I run two or three times a year.

But getting a decent number of students to attend these sessions is certainly just a start. They need to learn the ropes, the application procedures, strategies for finding the right referees, and a sense of their chances and or just what the fellowship might do for them.

It is this last question that demands my attention most. I can talk about how a Fulbright eases subsequent admission to strong graduate programs and professional schools. I don't have to mention the prestige, their parents'­ pride, the satisfaction, once more, of competition and victory that most have them have sought and harbored, unquestioned, all of their lives.

The one thing that is hardest to conveyóand that is also the most important, I thinkóis the essence of the adventure, the total experience that these wonderful fellowships endow. To explain even a bit of this I know only one mode, the oldest one, the most easily absorbed, the mode in which our culture is contained at its most concentrated an primal level: narrative.

During the academic years 1964ó1965, I enjoyed a Fulbright Fellowship in France. I was in Grenoble, which I remember as being rather gray and cold, both climatically and socially. Nevertheless that year was the most exciting and productive in my life. Every day was rife with learning. I met people whom I would not have met in the U.S. those days, and I made many friends, a Scotsman, a Brahman, an African American from the mid-west, Senegalese, Algerians, even that rarest of American settings back then in the early 60s, a citizen of The People'­s Republic of China.

Of course, I learned about France from the inside and, more significantly, about my own country from the outside, doing this at a crucial moment in U.S. history. I learned to question givens up to then unexamined. The year sharpened my sense of politics. It also changed my life.

So when I run my annual information sessions on fellowships, Fulbrighters become the highlight. I hope I inform the students more than adequately about Rhodes, Marshall, Luce, Watson, and Truman fellowships, and many others, but in those cases my ideas are mildly theoretical. I am attempting to convey an experience I have never had. When I come to the Fulbright, however, I see a change come over the faces of my audience, no doubt consequent to the one has come over mine.

You see, that year I spent abroad when I was 22 and 23 was the formative year of my early adulthood. All those strange mountains and rivers, and the grey stucco villages of Isere, the Vercours, the Chartreuse, and then the Alps, the smells and tastes, patisserie, strong coffee, roasting nuts sold, a simple tomato salad, the total and abandoned lust that an expensive menu can provoke, the wines, the young women dressed with that careful daily elegance refined from their meager budgets, their astounding poise in their heels and short skirts, on mopeds.

Then there were the movies, Belmundo, Jeanne Moreau, actors of whom I knew nothing, the witty songs and rhymes of Georges Brassens, things never exported and hardly known here now, or a John Wayne western subtitled in French (ìWhy you yellow-bellied horse-thieving, pusillanimous low-down skunkî equaled, as it turned out: ìTu es lache!î and this provoked me to think more carefully about language and culture.

At the end of that year, I traveled to Italy and then to Greece, seeing each of those countries for the very first time. My time in Greece so closely approached Paradise that I almost decided never to leave, to accept Calypsoís offer, so to speak, and abandon all thoughts of home and of what was then a promising career. It was a moment, a day, perhaps two or three when I scoured my imagination to find some rationale for staying, some mode of subsistence in that country of extravagant hospitality. What would have become of me? I still ask myself this. The Greeks cordially forced upon me the revelation that it was not just a question of where to live my life, or how. Rather it was a question of which lifeófor I learned that I could choose from a number of different ones óI might choose to live.

That happened forty years ago. I chose this life, but I lead it transformed and informed by that year. I am still, obviously nostalgic. I did go back a few times in the ensuing decade, but one really doesnít ìgo backî. That particular moment in oneís life, that perspective, that flexibility is all evanescent.

But even today, once twice a month, I wake up in the morning remembering a vivid dream. The characters and scenes of that year abroad, venturing out of some radical region of my memory, have come alive, again. I talk to them (in French!), and they talk to me, often chiding me for leaving them in the first place, their voices sad and muted with regret. Their sadness is, of course, my own.

So what does all this mean? Should I share my sentimentality with my students? Am I suggesting that other colleges hire me to be enthusiastic in front of certain audiences? Am I suggesting that only grateful former Fulbrighters should advise students about the fellowship?

No. There are more reasonable ways. Bring back a student who has had a Fulbright, an enthusiastic one. Find members of your faculty who have been Fulbrighters. Let them, share their personal and concrete understandings of the Fulbright and of the lives from which that gift allowed them to choose. They will inspire your audience, and render them stronger applicants, and render them more contemplative in general. Let your students learn something about not just what the Fulbright is, about how to apply, about how to win one, but through narrative, the profound gifts latent within that year abroad.

Peter D.Grudin
Assistant Dean
Williams College
pgrudin@Williams



 

The Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Program

by Jermaine Jones, Program Manager, Africa and the Middle East

It is expected that approximately 50-60 grants will be offered for sub-Saharan Africa in 2005/2006. Since this is a regional program, there is no fixed number of grants for any individual constituent country. However, the program does aim for as even of a distribution of grants as possible among all of the participating countries that receive quality applications.
 
Most African nations are willing to accept proposals in various disciplines. However, many give preference to projects that are topical and in some way address critical needs in that country. For example, a Creative Writing application for a country such as Malawi would probably not be particularly compelling, especially if it had to compete with other applications in fields such as Public Health or Economic Development. (Please note that this is not meant to discourage applicants in the creative/performing arts, as in the past 5-6 years grants have been offered for arts candidates to over a dozen different countries throughout the region.)
 
Most countries in the region are also willing to accept candidates at all degree levels. Even though some countries may have a stated preference for either graduating seniors or graduate-level students in their country summaries, the quality of the project, the candidate’s maturity, and their ability to carry it out successfully are usually more important than their degree level alone. Among the countries to which graduating seniors cannot apply are: the Democratic Republic of Congo, Gambia, Gabon, Lesotho, Rwanda, and Sierra Leone. Currently, US Student Fulbright programs are not in operation in the following countries: Burundi, Central African Republic, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Somalia and Sudan.
 
The standard duration of grants for sub-Saharan Africa is 10 months. And unless one plans on enrolling in a college or university, applicants should know that they have a fairly broad and flexible time frame for beginning a grant. While most grantees (worldwide) head overseas to start their projects in the fall, grants for Africa may be started in late summer 2005; the latest that an 2005/2006 grant could begin is the end of March 2006.
 
It is worth adding that while the Fulbright program generally gives preference to candidates with little to no prior international experience, the unique challenges of conducting research in Africa means that some prior experience in this world area may actually be an asset for applicants to this region. Previous experience on the continent can also facilitate securing an institutional affiliation in the host country– which is solely the responsibility of all applicants/grantees to sub-Saharan Africa.    
 
South Africa— The Most Popular Destination in the Region

South Africa is by far the most competitive country in sub-Saharan Africa. Approximately 100 candidates have applied for it each of the past four years, and only 7-8 grants have been offered each of those years. Its popularity among applicants can be attributed to several factors, including: its relatively high standard of living, the high quality of its higher educational system and research centers, the fact that English is sufficient for many projects, and the country’s solid track record of awarding grants to projects in a wide variety of fields and disciplines– academic as well as artistic. Given the high ratio of applications received to grants awarded, candidates interested in South Africa might want to consider some of its less competitive neighbors instead, such as Botswana, Swaziland, and Namibia.
 
Candidates interested in South Africa should bear in mind that the South African Fulbright Commission will not consider applications that do not include these letters of invitation/affiliation from the candidate’s prospective host institutions. Candidates should therefore make every effort to begin communicating with their South African contacts as early as possible to assure that they will have these letters in time to be included with their applications. And while this should probably go without saying (especially given that candidates are now required to complete and submit the online application), the Commission will also not accept any application that is handwritten.
 
(Even though South Africa accounts for approximately one-fourth of all the applications for sub-Saharan Africa, a considerable number of candidates also apply to Ghana, Tanzania, and Kenya. Senegal is the most popular non-Anglophone country.)



 

Ten Commandments for Writing Recommendation Letters

by Joe Schall

I. Thou shalt influence thy students to waive access privileges. Students who waive access should recognize that selectors naturally trust a confidential letter more readily. Some faculty share letters with students, but on their own terms.
 
II. Thou shalt not make graven images of thy school, thy program, or thyself. Some recommenders shout irrelevancies in their letters, often to the detriment of the student. Context is necessary, but not to the point of inappropriate idolization.
 
III. Thou shalt not take thy student’s character in vain. Respect for the student’s character must be implicit in a letter of reference, fostered by examples that uplift and humanize, such as a personal interaction or a memorable moment.
 
IV. Remember thy letter deadline, and meet it verily. Just as we expect students to follow our protocol for recommendation letters, we must follow theirs.
 
V. Honor thy student and thy reader both. Strike a balance between your need to praise the student and your reader’s need to trust your praise. Offer credible praise and even criticism, especially if invited to, and practice even-handed judgment.
 
VI. Thou shalt not lessen thy student’s chances with ambiguous, waffling, seemingly coded, or negative language. Even phrases like “As far as I can tell” and “I assume” can suggest a lack of support. Affirm rather than equivocate.
 
VII. Thou shalt not commit discrimination in thy letter. It is legally risky, stupid, or both to make discriminatory comments about a student’s race, gender, age, sexual orientation, appearance, nationality, parental or marital status, or disability.
 
VIII. Thou shalt not steal the platitudes of others. “This student is the best I’ve ever had!” you proclaim, and the audience wonders if you’ve ever taught before. Suspect praise, hyperbole, and clichés are tired melodies in reference letters.
 
IX. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy student. Don’t speak beyond your experience, and don’t make malicious claims about one you’re endorsing.
 
X. Thou shalt not covet thy student’s flattery, currency, or any other possession that is rightfully thy student’s. We write letters as a professional courtesy and because others wrote them for us, not because we need the student’s gratitude.

The above is adapted from Joe Schall's Writing Recommendation Letters: A Faculty Handbook, with the author's permission.  The second edition of this handbook is available on October 1, 2004, from Outernet Publishing (../../www.outernetpublishing.com/writing.htm). Questions and detailed ordering information requests can be directed to Joe Schall (schall@ems.psu.edu).

 

FPA workshops: List of Participants

by IIE Staff

LA
Art Center College of Design
Azusa Pacific
California Lutheran University
Cal Poly Pomona
Claremont McKenna College
Claremont McKenna Grad School
Indiana University
Pepperdine University
San Diego State
University of California - Berkeley
University of California - Davis
University of California - Irvine
University of California - Riverside
University of Hawaii
University of Nevada Reno
University of Southern California
Westminster College
 
Atlanta
Berry College
Clemson University
Emory University - Grad & Undergrad reps attending
Georgia Institute of Technology
Georgia State University
Illinois Wesleyan University
Kennesaw State University
Morehouse College
Nova Southeastern University
Spelman College
Southern Adventist University
University of Alabama - Birmingham
University of Georgia
University of North Carolina - Asheville
University of Texas - Dallas
Valdosta State
 
 
St. Louis
Hope College
Kansas State University
Southern Illinois University, Carbondale
Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville
Tarleton State
Truman State
TX State San Marcos
University of Evansville
University of Missouri -  Kansas City
Webster University
 
IIE/NY
Assumption College
Benedict College
Binghamton University
Brown University
Carnegie Mellon
City College NY
Columbia University
DePaul University
Fairfield University
Ithaca College
Montana State, Mankato
Marist College
Pace University
Pace Law School
Philadelphia University
Quinnipiac University.
Rhodes College
Rochester Inst Technology
Rutgers, Newark
Salve Regina University
SUNY Purchase
University of the Arts
University of North Carolina - Wilmington
US Air Force Academy
Vassar

 

Q & A with a Newcomer to Fulbright: Western Kentucky University.

by Yating Chang

My first question is to tell us a bit about WKU and the Fulbright Program at WKU.

Western Kentucky University (WKU) is a comprehensive public university of 18,000. We do have internationalization as part of the strategic plan, one other goal is to become Kentucky's fastest growing university. Three years ago, we have the total enrollment of 15,000.
It has grown tremendously for the past three years. That figure can be extended also to the study abroad figure. We grew from 56 students to 260 students studying abroad. Each year, WKU has ~550 international students on campus.

In terms of Fulbright program, many faculty members are Fulbrighters.
Student program was non-existent three years ago. Most Kentucky students are first-generation college students and are often very self-selective about national competition regarding scholarship programs. This year, we have three students apply to the program after they studied abroad. I am very excited to see how it plays out!

 

Since Fulbright is fairly new at your university, how do you promote the program to students?

I email to all faculty members about the program, and ask them about if they have any outstanding students in mind that they can recommend. I also emailed to all my past study abroad students about the websites and that opportunity.

Can you walk us through the Fulbright Process on your campus?

Besides the emails, the press kit on the Fulbright website is wonderful! I customized it according to my own deadline and post in the departments that are most relevant to the award categories or countries. After student expressed their interest, I sit the student down for one-on-one advising session to navigate the website with them.
I also show them some of the sample essays that others have written. I hook them up with a faculty member (Fulbright Recipient) and ask them to critique the essay. I go through all the criteria with the students.

I was introduced to the Fulbright program right when you guys are switching from paper application to online application. So at first, it was confusing to me. I went to the Fulbright workshops run by Teresa and Walter both in NAFSA national conference in Salt Lake City and at
Vanderbilt University. Walter, of course, has always been very helpful via emails.

WKU is about to set up our first-ever Fulbright student campus committee to review these three applications. I plan to appoint past Fulbright faculty members to serve in this committee.



 

Terminus

by Coleen Anderson

Coleen Anderson
Togo

July 2004
 
Terminus  
Six forty-five p.m. on July 2 found me standing under a canopy on the U.S. Ambassador's lawn with soda water in my hand, a silly look on my face and the loop tape ¬Whatever possessed me to come to an official gathering where I have nothing in common with anyone else?î playing in my head. I had shown up in my best African print while all the diplomatic types were dressed in cocktail dress. Duck out of water. I was about to dump my drink and head for home when approached by a friendly face dressed in tie-died indigo–a visiting Fulbright Scholar from another West African nation who happened to know my name! So, we stood there talking about our Fulbright experiences, our universities, our research, our outfits– Ah, someone who spoke my language. I felt instant rapport with this scholar whom I barely remember meeting at our Fulbright orientation in Washington the year before.
One month later, a different venue. It's after the official end of my Fulbright grant period but Iím attending a linguistic conference in Ibadan, Nigeria. Again Iím standing around in African print material, but this time surrounded by colleagues African, North American and European alike. Instant rapport builds with these scholars, some of whom I have never met before in my life. We a­re sharing our research, discussing difficulties, strategizing for the future. Iam completely at home.
These singular experiences have solidified for me the growing awareness that I am a part of an academic community with a common interest: Africa. Even if we don't always fully understand each other'­s research, our eyes don't begin to glaze over when we listen to each other.
My interest and commitment to the welfare and development of Africa predates my interest in obtaining a Fulbright Grant, which is as it should be in my estimation. But as a Fulbright Grantee, I am considered and expected to be an academic ambassador of the good will of the nation funding my research. In my opinion, one of the greatest ways I as an American can foster good will between my country and those countries in which I am being hosted is by valuing what they value.
This concept came home to roost the other day while at the conference in Ibadan. I was walking and chatting with a professor of English at the university there, a woman about to defend her dissertation in linguistics. Within a month she will be flying to the U.S. to meet up with friends and relatives living on the East Coast. She said to me something to the effect of - My friends in the U.S. tell me that when I arrive to expect the following negative qualities among Americans. But I have found you (contrary to expectation) to have the positive qualities.  These qualities a, b, and c, are essentially ranked high on African value lists. It's not that they are not valued at all by Americans, but rather that they are ranked lower on our list of values. In fact, it was not only I as an American who exhibited the characteristics this Nigerian valued, but the other expatriates attending the conference as well.
Why is that? It is, in my opinion, our commitment to Africa. It has helped us to identify what Africans value and to the best of our abilities, if we so chose, to adapt ourselves to those values, even when they are at times in conflict with the ideals that we hold near and dear in our home countries. In truth, in spite of the fact that my nationality, socialization and value system, are for the most part thoroughly American, I am not compeletely enamored by The American Way. I have lived too much of my life overseas now to believe that our way of viewing the world and of conducting our lives is the only way or even the best way in every circumstance. Americans do have a lot to offer the world. But we can and should learn what is good from other societies and adapt to make the world a better place for all of us.
The Fulbright Program is one way in which American students and scholars both can contribute to and learn from other societies to achieve such an end. I for one am grateful for the opportunities that the Fulbright has afforded. What the grant has done for me that other means (such as being under the auspices of the NGO I have worked with since 1990) have not has been to open more doors and to open other doors more widely.
As an example, through the Fulbright program I have been able to make contacts and form relationships with professors and students at the University of LomÈ and with students at the University of BÈnin in Cotonou.† As a result, I have learned more about the particular challenges Togolese and BÈninese face as scholars and potential scholars in developing nations with limited academic resources. I have begun to think and strategize in terms of how my own institution in the U.S. may form a partnership with one or more of these institutions in West Africa. And as I return home to finish my dissertation, my hope is to continue fostering these relationships so that mutual understanding and benefit between our countries can continue to grow.